A review of congestion models in the location of facilities with immobile servers

Capacity effects are investigated, particularly as regards congestion of facilities with immobile (or fixed) servers. A review is given of research to date in this area, together with some related work. First, general implications of facility capacities being capacitated are discussed with regard to assignment of users to facilities, time (or distance) transformations, integrality, feasibility, equity and load balancing. Then models using both system choice and user choice assignment are presented, and hierarchical problems covered briefly. Finally, there is a summary and a discussion together with some possible future research directions. 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.